/* Research & Publications — Stage 3B, premium editorial release. */
.publication-site{background:#f8faf9;color:#10262d}
.publication-site .site-header{background:#f8faf9}
.publication-nav{justify-content:space-between}
.publication-nav>nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:clamp(12px,2.2vw,31px)}
.publication-nav>nav>a{font:750 12px/1.3 var(--ui)}
.publication-nav>nav>a:not(.publication-nav-cta){color:#50656e}
.publication-nav>nav>a:hover{color:#147f86}
.publication-nav-cta{background:#122d38;color:#fff;padding:11px 17px;border-radius:22px;white-space:nowrap}
.publication-nav>nav>a.publication-nav-cta:hover{color:#fff;background:#187780}
.pub-overline{display:block;color:#168186;font:850 10px/1.5 var(--ui);letter-spacing:.14em}
.publication-hero{padding-top:84px;padding-bottom:97px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(360px,.84fr);gap:clamp(42px,7vw,118px);align-items:center}
.pub-hero-copy h1{font:600 clamp(65px,7.1vw,124px)/.93 var(--display);letter-spacing:-.079em;margin:26px 0 30px;color:#112830}
.pub-hero-copy h1 em,.pub-feature h2 em,.pub-method-band h2 em,.pub-why h2 em,.pub-next h2 em,.paper-hero h1 em,.paper-body h2 em,.paper-conclusion h2 em{font-weight:400;color:#178a89}
.pub-hero-copy>p{font:400 clamp(14px,1.35vw,17px)/1.88 var(--ui);color:#52646e;max-width:610px}
.pub-hero-actions,.pub-feature-actions,.pub-next-actions,.paper-actions{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;align-items:center;margin-top:30px}
.pub-hero-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;margin-top:42px}
.pub-hero-meta span{font:800 9px var(--ui);border:1px solid #d3dfe1;background:#fff;padding:9px 11px;letter-spacing:.07em;color:#537079}
.publication-cover{background:#112e38;color:#fff;min-height:510px;padding:35px 33px 24px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;position:relative;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:26px 28px 0 #ddecea}
.publication-cover:before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;opacity:.17;background-image:linear-gradient(#81bfc0 1px,transparent 1px),linear-gradient(90deg,#81bfc0 1px,transparent 1px);background-size:37px 37px;mask-image:linear-gradient(120deg,transparent 20%,#000 100%)}
.publication-cover-top,.publication-cover-bottom{position:relative;z-index:1;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:15px;align-items:start;color:#d2e8e5;font:800 10px/1.45 var(--ui);letter-spacing:.1em}
.publication-cover-center{position:relative;z-index:1;margin-top:auto;margin-bottom:16px}
.publication-cover-center>span{font:800 9px var(--ui);letter-spacing:.18em;color:#8dd2cb}
.publication-cover-center strong{display:block;font:600 clamp(41px,4vw,65px)/.98 var(--display);letter-spacing:-.065em;margin-top:13px}
.publication-cover-center strong i{font-weight:400;color:#9ce3dd}
.publication-cover-center p{font:400 12px/1.5 var(--ui);color:#bed6d5;margin:22px 0 0}
.publication-cover-chart{height:90px;position:relative;z-index:1}
.publication-cover-chart svg{width:100%;height:100%}
.publication-cover-bottom{border-top:1px solid #355a63;padding-top:15px}
.publication-ticker{background:#12333b;color:#e4f2ef}
.publication-ticker>.container{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:22px 0}
.publication-ticker span{font:800 9px/1.4 var(--ui);letter-spacing:.12em}
.pub-feature{padding-top:100px;padding-bottom:100px}
.pub-section-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:15px;align-items:center;margin-bottom:34px}
.pub-section-head>span:last-child:not(:first-child){font:700 10px var(--ui);color:#7b9199}
.pub-feature-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 350px;gap:clamp(45px,8vw,125px)}
.pub-kind{font:850 10px var(--ui);letter-spacing:.12em;color:#168186}
.pub-feature h2,.pub-method-band h2,.pub-why h2,.pub-next h2{font:600 clamp(43px,5.2vw,75px)/1.02 var(--display);letter-spacing:-.065em;margin:21px 0 25px;color:#122b34}
.pub-feature-primary>p{max-width:680px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.95;color:#596d74}
.pub-quiet-link{color:#147f86;font-weight:800;font-size:12px;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}
.pub-feature-aside{border-top:2px solid #132f39}
.pub-feature-aside>div{border-bottom:1px solid #d8e3e3;padding:17px 0}
.pub-feature-aside span{display:block;font:800 10px var(--ui);letter-spacing:.1em;color:#198b87}
.pub-feature-aside strong{font:600 23px/1.22 var(--display);display:block;margin:8px 0}
.pub-feature-aside p{font:400 12px/1.8 var(--ui);color:#6a7b81;margin:0}
.pub-method-band{background:#eaf2f0;padding:91px 0 87px}
.pub-method-band h2{margin-bottom:32px}
.pub-method-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,minmax(0,1fr));gap:10px}
.pub-method-grid article{background:#fff;border:1px solid #d5e5e3;padding:19px 15px 23px;min-height:180px;position:relative}
.pub-method-grid article:not(:last-child):after{content:"→";position:absolute;right:-11px;top:68px;z-index:2;background:#168186;color:#fff;width:21px;height:21px;display:grid;place-items:center;border-radius:50%;font-size:13px}
.pub-method-grid span{font:800 9px var(--ui);letter-spacing:.11em;color:#168186}
.pub-method-grid strong{font:600 23px/1.13 var(--display);letter-spacing:-.035em;display:block;margin:21px 0 10px}
.pub-method-grid p{font:12px/1.65 var(--ui);color:#536b71}
.pub-method-caption{font-size:11px;color:#587277;margin-top:20px}
.pub-why{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.1fr;gap:100px;padding-top:99px;padding-bottom:115px}
.pub-why-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:25px}
.pub-why-grid>div{border-top:1px solid #d4e1df;padding-top:21px}
.pub-why-grid strong{font:600 27px/1.15 var(--display)}
.pub-why-grid p{font:12px/1.8 var(--ui);color:#607279;margin-top:14px}
.pub-next{padding-top:60px;padding-bottom:80px;border-top:2px solid #183c42;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;gap:50px}
.pub-next h2{margin:14px 0 17px}
.pub-next p{max-width:540px;color:#6a7a7f;font-size:13px;line-height:1.8}
.pub-next-actions{flex-shrink:0;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch}

/* Paper reader: rich editorial layout, not a download landing page. */
.paper-hero{padding-top:39px;padding-bottom:56px}
.paper-breadcrumb{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:center;font:800 10px var(--ui);letter-spacing:.04em;color:#74858a;margin-bottom:58px}
.paper-breadcrumb a{color:#18878b}
.paper-hero-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 330px;align-items:end;gap:clamp(45px,6vw,100px)}
.paper-hero h1{font:600 clamp(56px,6.1vw,90px)/.98 var(--display);letter-spacing:-.074em;margin:22px 0 26px}
.paper-deck{color:#526770;font:400 16px/1.82 var(--ui);max-width:725px}
.paper-byline{border-top:1px solid #d4dfdf;padding-top:15px;display:flex;gap:19px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:30px;color:#58767d;font:800 10px var(--ui);letter-spacing:.045em}
.paper-actions{margin-top:32px}
.paper-actions button{cursor:pointer}
.paper-print-help{font:11px/1.6 var(--ui);color:#7c8c8d;margin:13px 0 0}
.paper-headcard{background:#102e3a;color:#e7f6f3;padding:24px 26px 18px;align-self:stretch;box-shadow:15px 15px 0 #d9e9e6}
.paper-headcard>span{color:#8fd4cb;font:800 10px var(--ui);letter-spacing:.12em}
.paper-headcard ol{list-style:none;counter-reset:none;padding:0;margin:26px 0 16px}
.paper-headcard li{border-top:1px solid #365765;padding:12px 0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:3px}
.paper-headcard li b{font-size:13px;letter-spacing:.05em}
.paper-headcard li small{font:11px var(--ui);color:#aecace}
.paper-headcard>p{font:10px/1.5 var(--ui);color:#96b8ba;margin:0}
.paper-facts{background:#102e3a;color:#e1f5f1}
.paper-facts>.container{display:flex;gap:24px;justify-content:space-between;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:17px 0}
.paper-facts span{font:850 9px var(--ui);letter-spacing:.08em}
.paper-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:230px minmax(0,790px);gap:clamp(47px,7vw,105px);justify-content:space-between;padding-top:76px;padding-bottom:116px}
.paper-sidebar{align-self:stretch;min-width:0}
.paper-toc{position:sticky;top:17px;border-top:2px solid #173942;padding-top:19px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:3px}
.paper-toc>span,.paper-sidebar-cta>span{font:850 10px var(--ui);letter-spacing:.12em;color:#218589;margin-bottom:12px}
.paper-toc a{font:700 12px/1.35 var(--ui);color:#596e76;padding:10px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e8}
.paper-toc a:hover,.paper-toc a:focus-visible{color:#147f86}
.paper-sidebar-cta{margin-top:33px;border:1px solid #d0dfdc;background:#eaf3f0;padding:19px}
.paper-sidebar-cta strong{font:600 23px/1.2 var(--display);display:block;margin:9px 0 16px}
.paper-sidebar-cta a{font:800 12px var(--ui);color:#137d84}
.paper-body{min-width:0}
.paper-block{padding:8px 0 57px;margin-bottom:47px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7e4e1;scroll-margin-top:25px}
.paper-body h2{font:600 clamp(35px,4.2vw,60px)/1.07 var(--display);letter-spacing:-.058em;margin:16px 0 26px}
.paper-body h3{font:600 25px/1.17 var(--display);letter-spacing:-.035em;margin-bottom:10px}
.paper-body p{font:13.5px/1.94 var(--ui);color:#4d626a;margin:0 0 18px}
.paper-body p strong{color:#1b424c}
.paper-keyline{background:#e9f3f1;border-left:4px solid #158686;padding:23px 28px;margin:27px 0 4px}
.paper-keyline span,.paper-source-note>span{display:block;font:850 10px var(--ui);letter-spacing:.1em;color:#18878b;margin-bottom:9px}
.paper-keyline strong{font:600 clamp(19px,2.3vw,27px)/1.4 var(--display);letter-spacing:-.025em}
.paper-dual{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:16px;margin-bottom:27px}
.paper-dual>div{background:#eaf2f0;border:1px solid #d6e5e2;padding:22px}
.paper-dual span,.paper-micro-grid span{font:850 9px var(--ui);letter-spacing:.1em;color:#1a8587}
.paper-dual h3{margin:15px 0 8px}
.paper-dual p{font:12px/1.74 var(--ui);margin:0}
.assurance-figure{background:#102c36;color:#eff8f5;padding:28px;margin:24px 0}
.assurance-step{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:20px;border-bottom:1px solid #3c5960;padding:13px 0}
.assurance-step>span{font:800 12px var(--ui);color:#85d8ce}
.assurance-step>div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px}
.assurance-step strong{font:600 24px/1.1 var(--display)}
.assurance-step small{font:11px/1.6 var(--ui);color:#bbdad8}
.assurance-figure figcaption,.paper-timeline figcaption,.paper-bars figcaption{display:block;font:10px/1.5 var(--ui);color:#9acac4;margin-top:17px}
.paper-timeline{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,minmax(0,1fr));gap:7px;background:#eaf2f0;padding:26px 20px;margin:22px 0}
.paper-timeline>div{position:relative;min-width:0;text-align:center;border-top:2px solid #18858a;padding-top:18px}
.paper-timeline>div:before{content:"";display:block;position:absolute;width:10px;height:10px;top:-6px;left:calc(50% - 5px);border-radius:50%;background:#18858a}
.paper-timeline b{display:block;color:#15444e;font:800 10px var(--ui);letter-spacing:.05em}
.paper-timeline span{display:block;font:10px/1.5 var(--ui);color:#667f83;margin-top:8px}
.paper-timeline figcaption{grid-column:1/-1;color:#5a7476;margin-top:10px}
.paper-accounting{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;background:#102e39;padding:25px;margin-top:23px}
.paper-accounting>div:not(.paper-accounting-arrow){display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px}
.paper-accounting span{font:800 10px var(--ui);letter-spacing:.07em;color:#9cc6c4}
.paper-accounting strong{font:600 clamp(25px,3.1vw,46px) var(--display);color:#fff}
.paper-accounting-arrow{color:#8fddd0;font-size:30px}
.paper-math{padding:17px;background:#e8f0ed;overflow-x:auto}
.paper-math code{font:12px/1.55 ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,monospace;color:#173f47;white-space:nowrap}
.paper-micro-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:9px;margin:20px 0 28px}
.paper-micro-grid>div{background:#fff;border:1px solid #d5e3e1;padding:14px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:7px}
.paper-micro-grid strong{font:600 22px/1.1 var(--display)}
.paper-micro-grid small{font:11px/1.55 var(--ui);color:#7a8a8e}
.paper-decisions{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:13px;margin:22px 0}
.paper-decisions>div{border-top:2px solid #158487;background:#eef5f3;padding:19px 20px 12px}
.paper-decisions b{display:block;font:800 10px var(--ui);letter-spacing:.08em;color:#137d82;margin-bottom:13px}
.paper-decisions strong{font:600 25px/1.16 var(--display);letter-spacing:-.025em}
.paper-decisions p{font:12px/1.7 var(--ui);margin-top:10px}
.paper-bars{background:#e9f2f0;padding:23px 26px;margin:26px 0}
.paper-bars-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(120px,190px) 1fr 35px;align-items:center;gap:15px;margin:12px 0}
.paper-bars-row>span{font:750 12px var(--ui);color:#37595f}
.paper-bars-row strong{font:600 26px var(--display);color:#164c53;text-align:right}
.paper-bars-track{background:#c9dfdc;height:13px;overflow:hidden}
.paper-bars-track i{display:block;height:100%;background:#18898d}
.paper-bars-row:nth-child(2) i{background:#57ada9}
.paper-bars-row:nth-child(3) i{background:#173b46}
.paper-bars figcaption{color:#657a7e;margin-top:22px}
.paper-evidence-table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;margin:22px 0}
.paper-evidence-table th{background:#102e39;color:#fff;text-align:left;padding:14px;font:800 11px var(--ui)}
.paper-evidence-table td{padding:14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7e3df;background:#fff;color:#526a6d;vertical-align:top;font:12px/1.65 var(--ui)}
.paper-evidence-table tr:nth-child(even) td{background:#edf4f2}
.paper-evidence-table td:first-child{width:31%}
.paper-evidence-foot{font-size:11px!important}
.paper-deliverables{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px}
.paper-deliverables>div{padding:21px;border:1px solid #d7e5e2;background:#fff}
.paper-deliverables b{font:800 10px var(--ui);color:#178588}
.paper-deliverables strong{display:block;font:600 26px/1.2 var(--display);margin:13px 0}
.paper-deliverables p{font:12px/1.7 var(--ui);margin:0}
.paper-references{padding-left:20px}
.paper-references li{font:12.5px/1.85 var(--ui);color:#52666b;margin-bottom:17px}
.paper-references a{color:#147d85;font-weight:800;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}
.paper-source-note{background:#eef5f3;border:1px solid #d6e4e2;padding:22px;margin-top:23px}
.paper-source-note p{font:12px/1.7 var(--ui);margin-bottom:0}
.paper-conclusion{padding:40px 30px 44px;background:#102e39;color:#fff}
.paper-conclusion h2{color:#fff}
.paper-conclusion h2 em{color:#94ddd2}
.paper-conclusion p{color:#bdd2d4}
.paper-conclusion .button{background:#92d6d0;color:#092932}
.paper-conclusion .button:hover{background:#fff;color:#092932}
@media(max-width:1150px){
 .publication-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr 400px;gap:45px}
 .pub-hero-copy h1{font-size:74px}
 .pub-feature-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr 300px;gap:48px}
 .pub-why{gap:50px}
 .paper-layout{grid-template-columns:195px minmax(0,1fr);gap:46px}
 .paper-hero-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 295px;gap:40px}
}
@media(max-width:950px){
 .publication-nav>nav>a:not(.publication-nav-cta){display:none}
 .publication-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:60px;padding-top:62px}
 .publication-cover{width:min(590px,100%);min-height:500px;justify-self:center}
 .pub-feature-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:50px}
 .pub-method-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}
 .pub-method-grid article:not(:last-child):after{display:none}
 .pub-why{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:25px}
 .pub-next{display:block}
 .pub-next-actions{flex-direction:row}
 .paper-hero-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:34px}
 .paper-headcard{box-shadow:none}
 .paper-headcard ol{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:0 20px}
 .paper-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:38px;padding-top:43px}
 .paper-sidebar{display:none}
}
@media(max-width:640px){
 .publication-site .container{width:calc(100% - 36px)}
 .publication-nav{height:68px}
 .publication-nav .wordmark i{display:none}
 .publication-nav>nav>a.publication-nav-cta{font-size:11px;padding:9px 12px}
 .pub-hero-copy h1{font-size:clamp(59px,15vw,85px)}
 .publication-cover{min-height:440px;padding:25px 22px;box-shadow:12px 14px 0 #ddecea}
 .publication-cover-center strong{font-size:clamp(45px,11vw,65px)}
 .publication-hero{padding-bottom:76px}
 .pub-hero-meta{margin-top:26px}
 .publication-ticker>.container{justify-content:flex-start;gap:15px}
 .pub-feature,.pub-why{padding-block:70px}
 .pub-feature h2,.pub-method-band h2,.pub-why h2,.pub-next h2{font-size:clamp(42px,10vw,65px)}
 .pub-method-band{padding-block:65px}
 .pub-method-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}
 .pub-method-grid article{min-height:164px}
 .pub-why-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}
 .pub-next{padding-block:55px}
 .paper-hero h1{font-size:clamp(50px,12.5vw,79px)}
 .paper-hero{padding-bottom:50px}
 .paper-breadcrumb{margin-bottom:45px}
 .paper-deck{font-size:14px}
 .paper-byline{gap:12px}
 .paper-headcard ol{display:block}
 .paper-body h2{font-size:clamp(37px,10vw,54px)}
 .paper-body p{font-size:13px}
 .paper-block{padding-bottom:42px;margin-bottom:40px}
 .paper-dual,.paper-decisions,.paper-deliverables{grid-template-columns:1fr}
 .paper-timeline{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:18px}
 .paper-timeline>div{border-top:0;border-left:2px solid #18858a;text-align:left;padding:5px 0 18px 20px}
 .paper-timeline>div:before{top:9px;left:-6px}
 .paper-timeline figcaption{grid-column:auto}
 .paper-accounting{padding:17px;gap:5px}
 .paper-accounting strong{font-size:clamp(22px,5.5vw,30px)}
 .paper-accounting-arrow{font-size:18px}
 .paper-micro-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}
 .paper-bars{padding:17px 12px}
 .paper-bars-row{grid-template-columns:98px 1fr 27px;gap:8px}
 .paper-bars-row>span{font-size:10px}
 .paper-evidence-table td,.paper-evidence-table th{padding:9px;font-size:10.5px}
 .paper-keyline{padding:17px 18px}
 .assurance-figure{padding:17px}
 .assurance-step{gap:12px}
 .paper-conclusion{padding:26px 20px 33px}
}
@media print{
 @page{size:A4;margin:16mm 16mm 17mm}
 html{scroll-behavior:auto!important}
 .publication-site{background:#fff!important;color:#142935!important}
 .research-reader .site-header,.research-reader .paper-actions,.research-reader .paper-print-help,.research-reader .paper-sidebar,.research-reader .paper-conclusion,.research-reader .site-footer,.research-reader .paper-breadcrumb{display:none!important}
 .research-reader .paper-hero{padding:0 0 12mm}
 .paper-hero-grid,.paper-layout{display:block!important;padding:0!important}
 .paper-headcard{display:none!important}
 .paper-hero h1{font-size:29pt!important;line-height:1.06}
 .paper-deck{font-size:10pt}
 .paper-facts{background:#10323e!important;print-color-adjust:exact;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact}
 .paper-facts>.container{padding:6pt 0!important}
 .paper-facts span{font-size:6pt}
 .paper-block{break-inside:auto;margin:0 0 17pt;padding:5pt 0 10pt}
 .paper-body h2{font-size:20pt!important;break-after:avoid}
 .paper-body p{font-size:9pt;line-height:1.55}
 .paper-dual,.paper-decisions,.paper-deliverables{break-inside:avoid}
 .assurance-figure,.paper-accounting,.paper-bars,.paper-timeline{break-inside:avoid;print-color-adjust:exact;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact}
 .paper-keyline,.paper-evidence-table{break-inside:avoid;print-color-adjust:exact;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact}
 .assurance-figure{background:#10323e!important}
 .paper-references a:after{content:" (" attr(href) ")";font-size:7pt;font-weight:400;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
 .paper-source-note{break-inside:avoid}
 a[href]:not(.paper-references a){text-decoration:none}
}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*,*:before,*:after{scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition:none!important}}

/* Stage 3C: bridge research methodology to source-informed software interface study. */
.quant-research-bridge{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:40px;border-top:1px solid #d1e3e1;border-bottom:1px solid #d1e3e1;padding-top:42px;padding-bottom:43px;margin-top:73px}
.quant-research-bridge h2{font:600 clamp(31px,3.4vw,50px)/1.09 var(--display);letter-spacing:-.052em;margin:12px 0}
.quant-research-bridge h2 em{color:#168986;font-weight:400}
.quant-research-bridge p{max-width:700px;font:12px/1.8 var(--ui);color:#677f84}
.quant-research-bridge>a{flex-shrink:0}
@media(max-width:760px){.quant-research-bridge{display:block}.quant-research-bridge>a{display:inline-flex;margin-top:14px}}
